what size drill bit to remove 49 mm fork leg allen botl
Types of screws (and when to use them!)
If you lot've ever been to the fasteners section of a hardware store of domicile center you know how intimidating this experience tin exist. You may but need a few screws, but what kind should you get? At that place a bazillion different kinds of screws and at that place is no way I tin can cover them all, so I'll will give you an overview of the nearly common types of screws and what y'all will need for woodworking.
What types of screws should you use in your projects?
For woodworking you tin can narrow it downwards to just a few choices. Hither are my lesser line recommendations; the best screws for woodworkers.
- I highly recommend using premium or multi-purpose screws, such as Spax, GRK or Hillman.
- Get flat headed screws, the ones with the tapered heads for countersinking.
- If y'all can, employ square or star drives. They work better and will save you a lot of frustration.
- The virtually common screws I use and like to keep on hand at all times in my shop are #8 1-¼" star head screws.
These are the most commonly used wood screws in my shop.
Why apply screws?
I desire to signal out that I don't really use a lot of screws in woodworking. Usually I use forest glue, which is stronger and leaves no visible fasteners. The downsides to glue are that you take to await for it to dry and once you've assembled something, you can't take information technology apart.
I frequently use screws for store projects and jigs. With these, I'm not concerned about the advent as much and dearest the time-savings screws give me.
Screws are besides used to hold things together where expansion and wrinkle of the wood tin be an issue. A common use is to attach a tabletop to a base. The screws will be gear up into a slot, assuasive the woods to move as humidity changes.
For some projects that are sort of in the middle ground between making an heirloom dresser and a workbench, I like to apply pocket screws. They are great for making cabinets and other casework. They brand assembling these types of projects, say a bedframe, much easier and quicker. And of form, you want to position the pocket holes on the undersides or back of projects where they won't be visible. Learn the nuts of pocket hole joinery.
What's the difference between a spiral and a bolt?
There is no agreement on this, merely personally, I view a bolt as a fastener that goes all the mode through ii material with a nut fastened, while a screw pulls two pieces together and only the head of the fastener is visible. Merely I tin think of plenty of exceptions such a machine screws.
Are Nails Used in Woodworking?
In that location is a mutual misconception amid non-woodworkers that we apply a lot of nails. Nothing could be further from the truth. In the ten years of projects on this channel, I don't recall I have ever used nails in a project, other than for decorative purposes. Sometimes I use brads for holding boards together while glue dries, but never as a sole ways of assembly.
Nails are a pain to hammer in, tin can bend, and you can easily mar the surface of your project with the hammer head. Not simply that, but they don't hold nearly as well as screws and can work themselves loose.
Parts of a Screw
A screw is made upwards of four components:
- The tip
- The shank
- The threads
- The head
The Tip
Screws used in woodworking will have a pointed tip to aid guide the screw into a precise location. Self-drilling screws have a split point that cuts into the wood like a drill bit. Other screws, such equally auto screws have no point.
The Shank and the Threads
The treads of a spiral wrap around the shank. Together, this is the office that drives into the material. The threaded part of some screws stops before it gets to the head, while other screws are fully threaded.
Shanks and threads come in different sizes. The diameter is indicated by a number. The virtually common wood screws are number 6, 8, and 10, the larger the number the bigger the thickness. I almost always employ #eight diameter screws. Longer screws are usually #10s.
In the U.S. threads are sometimes indicated in threads per inch, unremarkably 24 or 32 tpi. These are of import to know with machine screws or bolts where you lot need to go a nut to friction match. Sometimes forest screws come in fibroid or fine threads. Use fine threads for hardwoods and fibroid threads for softwoods and plywood.
So when you are reading a box, the first number will tell yous the screw diameter. This will sometimes exist followed by the threads-per-inch, then so length of the screw.
The Head
There are 2 components of a screw head. Information technology's caput shape and Information technology's drive type. Read on to learn almost these.
Types of Drives
At that place are lots and lots of different types of drives, but thankfully, in that location are just a few common ones yous need to know.
Slotted: What is a Flathead Screw?
Slotted screws are the original method for driving a spiral. Similar the name implies, information technology's simply a slot that a flathead screwdriver turns. For this reason, these types of screws are commonly called flathead screws manner more oftentimes than slotted screws.
Flathead screws require a lot of patience to use and are very difficult to drive with a drill or impact driver. Information technology'south weird how common they still are, still readily available at hardware stores. Basically they suck and I would never recommend them for woodworking with 1 exception: if you want to make a period piece of furniture with historic accuracy. Other than that, avoid slotted screws whenever possible.
Phillips
When Phillips screws came out in the 1930s, they were a vast improvement over slotted screws. A Phillips head driver will stay in place a lot better, but they still have an annoying trend to cam-out, or slip when driving the last fleck into wood. This can ruin the head and also ruins the driver.I have heard that they were designed to do this in order to preclude over tightening, but I'1000 non sure if that's true.
They come in different sizes and then always make sure your driver matches and fits well. I really wish Phillips screws would become obsolete, merely they are still extremely mutual in the U.Southward. the vast bulk of screws sold at hardware stores are still Phillips.
Square (Robertson) Drives
Square drives are a huge improvement! They are also called Robertson screws and are nearly common in Canada. They are definitely harder to observe in the U.S. Their square shape profoundly reduces, almost eliminating cam-out and driver slipping. Here in the U.S. you will mostly find these in pocket screws.
Star (Torx) Drive
Star drive screws are condign more than and more than mutual in the U.Due south. and are my accented favorite type of bulldoze. The star shape about eliminates cam-out and the commuter nearly never slips out. Plus they can accommodate a lot of torque. Usually they are sold on premium quality screws that won't snap if tightened too much. And when you lot buy a box, information technology usually comes with the commuter tip you demand.
Caput Shapes
Like the drive types, there are all kinds of head shapes. Luckily, there are really merely 2 that common in woodworking.
Flathead
This is where the terminology tin can become a footling confusing. It's like shooting fish in a barrel to confuse a screw with a flad head, and a slotted spiral that we often call flathead screws. For woodworking a flathead spiral is the nearly common kind of screw to use. It has a beveled caput that seats neatly into the wood, making it flush with the surface
You tin can just power the spiral into the wood to make it flush, but yous will go ameliorate and cleaner results if you use a countersink bit to drill a pilot pigsty, or employ a countersink to cut the bevels after yous drill a pilot pigsty.
Panhead of Rounded
Panhead or roundheads tin can have shallow or deep domes. They sit on top of the forest and aren't used much for woodworking. You will need to utilise these when attaching some other fabric to wood…something that you can't countersink, say metal or plastic.
Types of Screws
Standard Wood Screws
Wood screws are widely available in all home centers and hardware stores and are designed to join ii pieces of wood together. They are threaded part of the fashion then accept a smoothen shank at the top. This helps concur the screws in place. They are relatively inexpensive and come up an all kinds of diameters and head shapes. You lot volition unremarkably desire to use the ones with the tapered heads. Unfortunately, in the U.S., most woodscrews are nevertheless only available with Phillips heads instead of star or square drives.
Drywall Screws
A lot of woodworkers use drywall screws, mostly for shop projects and jigs. They are inexpensive, usually cheaper than wood screws and easy to detect just nearly anywhere. They have thinner shanks than woods screws, unremarkably most equal to a #vi screw and threads that run the entire length of the screw. Because of their thinness they are really brittle. Especially ff you are drilling into hardwood, they are actually prone to snapping, but I've had this frustrating experience with using them for 2x4s too. Like woods screws, in the U.S. the heads are about always Phillips. Also, the heads have a bugle shape to reduce tearing the newspaper on drywall. They don't lucifer the beveled shape of a countersink. In general, I don't recommend using drywall screws for woodworking projects.
What's the difference between a drywall screw and a wood screw?
Multi-purpose (product) screws
Product or Multi-purpose screws are my accented favorite types of screws. Mutual brands include Spax or GRK. These screws are fabricated with hardened steel and are incredibly strong. I don't remember I've ever had whatsoever pause. They have self-drilling points that eliminate the demand for a pilot pigsty, merely I would still pre-drill for critical pieces. Especially nearly the ends of boards to foreclose splitting.
The best function is that they come up in star or foursquare drives so your driver stays in place and won't slip out like with Phillips. Plus, when y'all buy a box, information technology comes with a driver fleck. There is really only a unmarried drawback to using these: they are expensive. Maybe twice as much as regular forest screws. And while my Mere Mortals philosophy is always to exist frugal, this is one instance where I believe it's worth spending the actress coin. The corporeality of time and frustration these types of screws salvage is enormous.
If you lot've never used multi-purpose or Spax screws, just become 1 box and try them out. I guarantee, you lot will wonder why you lot didn't try them sooner!
Other Types of Screws
Deck Screws
If you are building outdoor projects, apply deck screws. They are made of hardened steel and accept a corrosion resistant coating.
Stainless Steel Spiral
For even better corrosion resistance, peculiarly on boats and in salty marine environments, you lot can utilise stainless steel screws. While they offer the best protection from the weather condition, they are not equally strong every bit deck screws and are very expensive.
Pocket Screw
Pocket screws are self drilling and have a broad head that grabs the flat shoulder made by drilling pocket holes. If you employ regular woods screws with pocket holes, they may drive all the mode through, or possibly split the forest. I utilise the Kreg pocket screws, but you might exist able to substitute pan head screws. The Kreg screws have a foursquare drive which makes them really easy to seat. Watch my pocket hole basics video to learn a lot more than about pocket hole joinery.
Machine Screws
Motorcar screws have no points and are intended to use in holes that are already tapped or with a nut. They are threaded forth the entire shaft are sold in threads per inch. When you lot buy them, make certain the basics' threads match. You may occasionally need machine screws to fasten a couple boards together, but they aren't mutual in woodworking.
Sheet Metal Screw
Usually, sheet metal screws are tiny with a abrupt betoken intended for piercing and driving into canvas metal. Call up of heating ducts for instance. They commonly have pan heads and volition probably piece of work as a woods screw if y'all need a substitute.
And in that location'due south a bones wait at the diverse types of screws. While there are a lot of choices available, there are only a few different types of screws a woodworker will ever need. Know what kind you lot need for your projection before going to the hardware store or habitation heart. Just purchase what yous demand. I don't recommend stocking up on annihilation other than #viii i-¼" screws. I ever like to have these on manus.
Source: https://woodworkingformeremortals.com/types-screws-use-woodworking-basics/
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